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This study introduces a tripartite framework—male dominance, joint decision-making, and female dominance—to examine how intrahousehold decision-making influences the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices. Using a multinomial endogenous switching regression model and survey data from rice-farming households in China, we find that joint and female-dominant decision-making reduce overall CSA adoption by 8.3% and 28.8%, respectively, compared with male-dominant households. Joint decision-making decreases the adoption of improved rice varieties and straw return but increases the use of farmyard manure and biopesticides. Female dominance is associated with lower adoption of minimum tillage, improved rice varieties, farmyard manure, and straw return.